Would Exchange Rate Converge in Nigeria?A Stochastic-Markov Transition Process Analysis

This paper examined if the Nigerian exchange rate would converge in the long run thereby looking at the exchange rate switches or transition from a particular state to another. This was done via the iterations of the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations of the Markov model, It was discovered that convergence occurred in the long run as shown by our markov model. It suggests that appreciation and depreciation of the naira via dollar rate would be stable as indicated by the probability values. Keywords: Markov, Transition probabilities, Exchange rate, Chapman-Kolmogoro

Flipping 419 Cybercrime Scams: Targeting the Weak and the Vulnerable

Most of cyberscam-related studies focus on threats perpetrated against the Western society, with a particular attention to the USA and Europe. Regrettably, no research has been done on scams targeting African countries, especially Nigeria, where the notorious and (in)famous 419 advanced-fee scam, targeted towards other countries, originated. How- ever, as we know, cybercrime is a global problem affecting all parties. In this study, we investigate a form of advance fee fraud scam unique to Nigeria and targeted at Nigerians, but unknown to the Western world. For the study, we rely substantially on almost two years worth of data harvested from an on-line discussion forum used by criminals. We complement this dataset with recent data from three other active forums to consolidate and generalize the research. We apply machine learning to the data to understand the criminals' modus operandi. We show that the criminals exploit the socio-political and economic problems prevalent in the country to craft various fraud schemes to defraud vulnerable groups such as secondary school students and unemployed graduates. The result of our research can help potential victims and policy makers to develop measures to counter the activities of these criminal groups

John Chalmers DaCosta (1863-1933): restoration of the old operating table.

John Chalmers DaCosta was an influential chairman and the first Samuel D. Gross Professor of Surgery at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. He was well known throughout the field as a skilled surgeon, passionate speaker, and exceptional writer. In addition to countless accomplishments during his career, DaCosta was deeply dedicated to the preservation and commemoration of surgical history. This ideology was exemplified when he set out on a mission to recover the old wooden operating table used by many of his iconic mentors including Samuel D. Gross, Joseph Pancoast, and William W. Keen. This table was originally used for surgical demonstrations and anatomy lessons in a lecture room of the Ely Building and later in the great amphitheater of the Jefferson Sansom Street Hospital. It was found forgotten in the basement of the College Building and was promptly refurbished, donned with dedicatory plaques, and returned to its honored position in the medical college. Dr. DaCosta also contributed a detailed article recalling the history of the table and the notable leaders in surgery who taught and practiced on its surface. The old table currently stands proudly in the entranceway of the Department of Surgery where it will remain as a cherished symbol of the early beginnings of surgical practice and education

Measurement, Monitoring, and Evaluation of State Demonstrations to Integrate Care for Dual Eligible Individuals: Massachusetts Evaluation Design Plan.

CMS contracted with RTI International to monitor the implementation of all State demonstrations under the Financial Alignment Initiative, and to evaluate their impact on beneficiary experience, quality, utilization, and cost. The evaluation includes an aggregate evaluation and State-specific evaluations. This report describes the State-specific Evaluation Plan for the Massachusetts demonstration as of December 16, 2013. The evaluation activities may be revised if modifications are made to either the Massachusetts demonstration or to the activities described in the Aggregate Evaluation Plan (Walsh et al., 2013). Although this document will not be revised to address all changes that may occur, the annual and final evaluation reports will note areas where the evaluation as executed differs from this evaluation plan. The goals of the evaluation are to monitor demonstration implementation, evaluate the impact of the demonstration on the beneficiary experience, monitor unintended consequences, and monitor and evaluate the demonstration’s impact on a range of outcomes for the eligible population as a whole and for subpopulations (e.g., people with mental illness and/or substance use disorders and long-term services and supports (LTSS) recipients)

Perbedaan Kinerja Keuangan Sebelum dan Sesudah Ipo pada Perusahaan Manufaktuf di Bei

ABSTRACT This study aims to distinguish : Financial performance before and after the IPO at a manufacturing company in the Stock Exchange . This type of research is the study of this research is kuantitatif.Populasi throughout the entire manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange , amounting to 39 Perusahaan.Teknik sampling with purposive sampling with a sample size of 10 companies . Data analysis techniques : kompratif analysis or comparison , the normality test, paired sample t - test with SPSS version 16 . Results showed that : 1 ) There are no significant differences anatara Ratio Curent value of the company before and after an IPO is sig value 0.000 0.05 means that Ho is accepted Ha rejected . In this research the company to continue to maintain the stability of the financial performance of the company after the IPO held as maintaining liquidity , solvency , and profitability . It is important that investor confidence held or finance company can be filled so that the existence of the company can be maintained within a panajang . For investors it is recommended that a comprehensive analysis and make stock portfolio before making an investment decision on one of the companies doing an IPO . It is important that the values held later the losses can be minimized and the value obtained financial investors can be maximized